Normal modes of vibration ( degree of freedom )

Normal modes of vibration :-
1. Degree of freedom :-
                                            The total number of co-ordinate which is required to locate all the atom of a molecule in 3D is known as degree of freedom.
The total degree of freedom =3N
The total degree of freedom including motion rotation motion, transition motion,vibrational motion.
Show we can that 3N=T+R+V
For transition motion it's degree of freedom will be three.
The rotation of molecule may be in 2D or 3D depends on the geometry of molecule .
For rotational mode -
  for linear molecule =2
for non linear molecule =3
The vibration of a molecule can be classified is two categories.
Total mode of vibration-
for linear =3N-5
for non linear molecule = 3N-6
N= number of atom present in the molecule
Example:- Co2  (carbon dioxide ) (linear molecule)
Total degree of freedom = 3N =3×3=9
Translation degree of freedom =3
Rotational degree of freedom = 2
Vibrational mode.  =   3N-5.  =3×3-5 =4
Stretching mode = N-1. =2

Example 2. NH3 (amonia) (Non linear)
Total degree of freedom =3N  = 3×4=12
Translation degree of freedom = 3
Rotational degree of freedom  = 2
Vibrational degree of freedom = 3N-6 = 3×4-6 =6
Stretching mode = N-1 =4-1 =3
                                   2N-5 = 2×4-5=3


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